The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents
the greatest medical challenge in decades. We provide a comprehensive review of the …

Abstract In 1973, IL-6 was identified as a soluble factor that is secreted by T cells and is
important for antibody production by B cells. Since its discovery more than 40 years ago, the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease typically affecting the joints, but the
systemic inflammatory process may involve other tissues and organs. Many extra-articular …

Importance Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in about 5 per 1000 people and can lead to
severe joint damage and disability. Significant progress has been made over the past 2 …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones widely used for the treatment of inflammation,
autoimmune diseases, and cancer. To exert their broad physiological and therapeutic …

To update the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for
vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with roles in immunity, tissue regeneration, and
metabolism. Rapid production of IL-6 contributes to host defense during infection and tissue …

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, including capacity for inhibition of radiographic
progression, and safety of upadacitinib, a JAK 1‐selective inhibitor, as compared to placebo …

Methotrexate (MTX) is the first line drug for the treatment of a number of rheumatic and non-
rheumatic disorders. It is currently used as an anchor disease, modifying anti-rheumatic drug …

Objectives Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have been approved for use in various immune-
mediated inflammatory diseases. With five agents licensed, it was timely to summarise the …