The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

Sepsis is among the most common causes of death in hospitals. It arises from the host
response to infection. Currently, diagnosis relies on nonspecific physiological criteria and …

Fever is a prominent feature of disease since antiquity. The febrile response is orchestrated
by the central nervous system through endocrine, neurological, immunological and …

Bloodstream infections are a major concern because of high levels of antibiotic consumption
and of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteraemia is identified in a …

Bacterial and viral infections are often clinically indistinguishable, leading to inappropriate
patient management and antibiotic misuse. Bacterial-induced host proteins such as …

The majority of bacteremias do not develop to sepsis: bacteria are cleared from the
bloodstream. Oxygen released from erythrocytes and humoral immunity kill bacteria in the …

Traditional biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation
rate, and clinical signs and symptoms, are not sufficiently sensitive or specific enough to …

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, even with the current
availability of extended-spectrum antibiotics and advanced medical care. Biomarkers offer a …

Procalcitonin (PCT) can discriminate bacterial from viral systemic infections and true
bacteremia from contaminated blood cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate PCT …

There is limited information available describing the clinical and epidemiological features of
Spanish patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this …