Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible disease
caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that poses a …

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening
conditions triggered by multiple intra-and extra-pulmonary injury factors, characterized by …

Background and aims Severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are
associated with alterations in blood cells that regulate immunity, inflammation, and …

Aim The aim of our retrospective study was search for new prognostic parameters, which
can help quickly and cheaply identify patients with risk for severe course of SARS-CoV-2 …

COVID‐19 has several mechanisms that can lead to lymphocyte depletion/exhaustion. The
checkpoint inhibitor molecule programmed death protein 1 (PD‐1) and its programmed …

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infected individuals …

The general immune state plays important roles against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Cells of the immune system are encountering rapid …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had profound effects on the health of
individuals and on healthcare systems worldwide. While healthcare workers on the …

Rationale: Lymphopenia in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with increased
mortality. Objectives: To explore the association between lymphopenia, host response …

Background Dysregulated immunity is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immune
suppression is indicated by low monocyte expression of human leukocyte antigen D-related …