Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic …

Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome
community (microbiome), which may dictate the physiological phenotype (health or …

The gut microbiota has recently gained attention due to its association with cardiovascular
health, cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, and non-communicable diseases. One critical …

Abstract Background Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite that has attracted
attention due to its positive association with several chronic non-communicable diseases …

Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent worldwide. The decline of renal function is
associated with inadequate removal of a variety of uremic toxins that exert detrimental …

The gut microbiota is a crucial factor in maintaining homeostasis. The presence of
commensal microorganisms leads to the stimulation of the immune system and its …

The occurrence and development of cardiovascular-related diseases are associated with
structural and functional changes in gut microbiota (GM). The accumulation of beneficial gut …

The human gastrointestinal tract colonizes a large number of microbial microflora, forms a
host-microbiota co-metabolism structure with the host to participate in various metabolic …

The health and proper functioning of the cardiovascular and renal systems largely depend
on crosstalk in the gut–kidney–heart/vessel triangle. Recent evidence suggests that the gut …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a well-known ligand-activated cytoplasmic
transcription factor that contributes to cellular responses against environmental toxins and …