Inhibiting the programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1)/programmed cell death receptor‐1
(PD‐1) signaling axis reinvigorates the antitumor immune response with remarkable clinical …

Background T cell exhaustion compromises antitumor immunity, and a sustained elevation
of co-inhibitory receptors is a hallmark of T cell exhaustion in solid tumors. Similarly …

Anti-PD-1 therapy has been approved for cancer treatment. However, the response rate is
unsatisfactory. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues is unreliable to predict the …

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a non-invasive liquid biopsy
marker for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, clinical detection …

Background Metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains fatal and
incurable, despite a variety of treatments that can delay disease progression and prolong …

Exosome-associated liquid biopsies are hampered by challenges in the exosomal
quantification and phenotyping. Here, we present a bioinspired exosome-activated DNA …

Accumulating evidence demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) derived from
exosomes had the potential to be diagnostic markers for lung cancer. However, the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, have
significantly changed the treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients with better overall survival …

Cutaneous melanoma shows a high metastatic potential based on its ability to overcome the
immune system's control. The mechanisms activated for these functions vary extremely and …

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA, RNA, DNA fragments, and
proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. Tumor cells release …