This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3
to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process …

The transition from acute to chronic pain appears to occur in discrete pathophysiological and
histopathological steps. Stimuli initiating a nociceptive response vary, but receptors and …

The urothelium, which lines the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra,
forms a high-resistance but adaptable barrier that surveils its mechanochemical …

Storage and periodic expulsion of urine is regulated by a neural control system in the brain
and spinal cord that coordinates the reciprocal activity of two functional units in the lower …

The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Aδ)
and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli …

Functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by
a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia …

Differential expression of ion channels contributes functional diversity to sensory neuron
signaling. We find nerve injury induced by the Chung model of neuropathic pain leads to …

Introduction Women's sexual pain disorders include dyspareunia and vaginismus and there
is need for state-of-the-art information in this area. Aim To update the scientific evidence …

Purpose: We investigate the efficacy of sacral neurostimulation in patients with idiopathic
urinary retention in a prospective, randomized multicenter trial. Materials and Methods: A …