Digital eye strain (DES) is an entity encompassing visual and ocular symptoms arising due
to the prolonged use of digital electronic devices. It is characterized by dry eyes, itching …

ABSTRACT Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) reached the consumer market
and are used for learning purposes. Risks regarding visual fatigue and high cognitive load …

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, symptoms frequency and
associated risk factors of digital eye strain (DES) among children attending online classes …

Purpose: Since the declaration of the lockdown due to COVID-19, the usage of digital
devices has gone up across the globe, resulting in a challenge for the visual systems of all …

Background COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated mandatory e-learning in medical and
nursing education. How far are developing countries like India (with wide socioeconomic …

Purpose: There has been an enormous increase in the use of gadgets for online classes
and entertainment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the …

This narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-
induced symptoms and effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle fatigue …

Eye strain when performing tasks reliant on a digital environment can cause discomfort,
affecting productivity and quality of life. Digital eye strain (the preferred terminology) was …

Dry eye disease is characterized by tear film instability that can result in ocular surface
damage. Patients with dry eye disease may experience ocular pain/discomfort and visual …

Clinical relevance Home-isolation and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
caused increased use of digital devices, posing a greater risk of developing digital eye strain …