Existing animal models with rod-dominant retinas have shown that hyperglycemia injures
neurons, but it is not yet clearly understood how blue cone photoreceptors and retinal …

Purpose To assess the retinal neurodegeneration in type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and
type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rhesus monkeys, and to investigate whether alterations of …

Visual function improves with oxygen inhalation in people with diabetes even in the absence
of visible retinopathy. Rods consume the most oxygen in the retina due to the high metabolic …

Disease pathogenesis, a type of domain knowledge about biological mechanisms leading to
diseases, has not been adequately encoded in machine-learning-based medical diagnostic …

While HIV-1 is primarily an infection of CD4+ T cells, there is an emerging interest towards
understanding how infection of other cell types can contribute to HIV-associated …

Objective In this study, we evaluated the correlation of retinal thickness with peripheral nerve
conduction and autonomic nerve function in diabetic patients. Design Cross-sectional study …

The increase in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence demonstrates the need for the
determination of biomarkers for assessing disease development to obtain an early diagnosis …

Purpose: Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) was downregulated in hypoxic retina, which could be
rescued by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibition. Erythropoietin (EPO) protects …

Background. Diabetic microvascular complications mainly include diabetic kidney disease
(DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Obesity was recognized as a risk factor for DKD, while …

Macular edema is one of the most common causes of permanent vision loss in patients with
uveitis. The current understanding of water balance and metabolism within the retina has …