Wireless Underground Communication (WUC) is an emerging field that is being developed
continuously. It provides secure mechanism of deploying nodes underground which shields …

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed
overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is …

In wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), due to the dynamic underground
channel characteristics and the heterogeneous network architecture, the connectivity …

Low-power wireless communication in underground settings and confined areas is
considered one of last frontiers in communications. First, there is the energy challenge …

In this article, the results of experiments for the observation of Zenneck surface waves in sub
GHz frequency range using dipole antennas are presented. Experiments are conducted …

Unlike terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), communication between buried nodes
in WUSNs happens through the ground. Due to the complexity of soil, accurate estimation of …

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have emerged as a robust and cost-effective solution for
buried pipeline monitoring due to the low cost (a maximum of a few tens of UK pounds …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are networks of sensor nodes operating
below the ground surface, which are envisioned to provide real‐time monitoring capabilities …

The design of a WSN for the underground environment is typically characterized by an
excess of either pessimism or optimism. For many years, underground communication has …

With the development of sensing networks and Internet of things, wireless sensor networks
have been applied to different fields of our society. With the perceived sensing demands for …