The adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral infections. The three
fundamental components of the adaptive immune system are B cells (the source of …

In the last decades, evidence suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of B cells on
multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis has accumulated. The increased amount of data on …

Background Various observations have suggested that the course of COVID-19 might be
less favourable in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases …

Objectives Evidence suggests that B cell-depleting therapy with rituximab (RTX) affects
humoral immune response after vaccination. It remains unclear whether RTX-treated …

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of hematological
malignancies or autoimmune disease but may be responsible for a secondary humoral …

1 Rimar D, Butbul Aviel Y, Gefen A, et al. Autologous hematological stem cell transplantation
for systemic sclerosis in Israel. Isr Med Assoc J 2020; 22: 104–10. 2 Kowal-Bielecka O …

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with immune-mediated inflammatory
diseases were considered to be at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development …

Background Severely immunocompromised patients are at risk for prolonged or relapsed
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. We …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination will be the largest
vaccination programme in the history of the NHS. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection results in both acute mortality and
persistent and/or recurrent disease in patients with hematologic malignancies, but the …