The concept of cross-language transfer is central in bilingual reading development. This is
because researchers and educators search for the conditions that allow learning that takes …

A structural equation model of second language (L2; English) reading comprehension was
tested on a sample of 135 Spanish-speaking 4th-grade English-language learners (ELLs) …

We review empirical research on English language learners (ELLs) who struggle with
reading and who may have learning disabilities (LD). We sought to determine research …

This study aims to improve students' speaking skills. The research sample consisted of 30
students (20 female students and 8 male students) all of whom were studying English, the …

This study examined children's early literacy skills in both English and Spanish at entry to
preschool to investigate the pattern of association among these skills and their families' …

Purpose Research has identified English oral language proficiency as being critical for
bilingual students' literacy development. This study examines developmental patterns and …

For the monolingual population, research has shown that vocabulary knowledge is closely
related to reading achievement. However, the role of vocabulary has not been studied as …

Purpose Some researchers (FR Vellutino, FM Scanlon, & MS Tanzman, 1994) have argued
that the different domains comprising language (eg, phonology, semantics, and grammar) …

This article examines the question: Do lexical, syntactic, fluency, and discourse measures of
oral language collected under narrative conditions predict reading achievement both within …