Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide due to its late
diagnosis and poor outcomes. As has been found for other types of tumors, there is …

LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO) is a noncanonical function of the autophagy
machinery, in which LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain) is conjugated to rab5 …

Background & aims Monogenic forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) illustrate the
essential roles of individual genes in pathways and networks safeguarding immune …

Dermatophytoses affect about 25% of the world population, and the filamentous fungus
Trichophyton rubrum is the main causative agent of this group of diseases. Dermatomycoses …

Autophagy in cardiomyocyte is involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury.
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) plays a critical role in …

Caspase-recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) protein is expressed in many cells especially in
immune cells, and is critically involved in the function of the innate and adaptive immune …

Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an
antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experimental and clinical trials …

TRAFs [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors] are a family of signaling
molecules that function downstream of multiple receptor signaling pathways and play a …

Background Mesangial cell proliferation is the most basic pathological feature of
immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN); however, the specific underlying mechanism and an …

Recently, alkyl radicals have attracted much attention in cancer therapy due to their oxygen-
independent generation property. For the first time, alkyl radical and nitric oxide (NO) …