Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. At the cellular
level, ischemic retinal injury consists of a self-reinforcing destructive cascade involving …

Interleukin-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has numerous biological effects, including
activation of many inflammatory processes (through activation of T cells, for example) …

Brain plasticity can be conceptualized as nature's invention to overcome limitations of the
genome and adapt to a rapidly changing environment. As such, plasticity is an intrinsic …

Well-documented experimental evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models of stroke
strongly supports the critical involvement of NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in …

Current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma
indicates that similar mechanisms contribute to loss of cellular integrity and tissue …

Background Effective early management of patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) is
undermined by an inability to predict who is at highest early risk of stroke. Methods We …

Seizures result from hypersynchronous, abnormal firing of neuronal populations and are the
primary clinical symptom of the epilepsies. Brain tissue from animal models and patients …

Background and Purpose—The guidelines presented in this consensus statement are
intended to serve researchers, clinicians, reviewers, and regulators in the selection of the …

Neuroinflammatory mediators play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia,
exerting either deleterious effects on the progression of tissue damage or beneficial roles …

Free radical-induced oxidative damage reactions, and membrane lipid peroxidation (LP), in
particular, are among the best validated secondary injury mechanisms in preclinical …