Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis
and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It has affected a …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone
metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely …

• In the respiratory tract, peak SARS-CoV-2 load is observed at the time of symptom onset or
in the first week of illness, with subsequent decline thereafter, indicating the highest …

A central paradigm of immunity is that interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses precede
pro-inflammatory ones, optimizing host protection and minimizing collateral damage,. Here …

The novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has turned into a life‐threatening pandemic disease
(Covid‐19). About 5% of patients with Covid‐19 have severe symptoms including septic …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to
respiratory illness and multi-organ failure in critically ill patients. Although the virus-induced …

Abstract Objectives One-fifth of Covid-19 patients suffer a severe course of Covid-19
infection; however, the specific causes remain unclear. Mast cells (MCs) are activated by …

Early responses to vaccination are important for shaping both humoral and cellular
protective immunity. Dissecting innate vaccine signatures may predict immunogenicity to …

No effective drug treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host-
directed therapies targeting the underlying aberrant immune responses leading to …