This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

Many organisms that cause infectious diseases, particularly RNA viruses, mutate so rapidly
that their evolutionary and ecological behaviours are inextricably linked. Consequently …

Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and
establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of
AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution,. A viral …

Understanding the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is crucial for
reconstructing its origin, deciphering its interaction with the immune system and developing …

Stomatopods (mantis shrimp) are well known for the feeding appendages they use to smash
shells and impale fish. Here we show that the peacock mantis shrimp (Odontodactylus …

Determining the amount of recombination in the genealogical history of a sample of genes is
important to both evolutionary biology and medical population genetics. However, recurrent …

A recent study by Tang et al. claimed that two major types of severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) had evolved in the ongoing CoV disease-2019 pandemic …

Tropical forests are recognized for their role in providing diverse ecosystem services (ESs),
with carbon uptake the best recognized. The capacity of tropical forests to provide ESs is …

Since the isolation of HIV, multiple transmissions are thought to have occurred between man
and other old-world primates. Assessment of samples from apes and human beings with …