Bone stress injuries, including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that lead to substantial
morbidity in active individuals. These injuries occur when excessive repetitive loads are …

Low energy availability (EA) underpins the female and male athlete triad and relative energy
deficiency in sport (RED-S). The condition arises when insufficient calories are consumed to …

The IOC RED-S consensus authors have reconvened to provide an update summary of the
interim scientific progress in the field of relative energy deficiency with the ultimate goal of …

Low energy availability (LEA) represents a state in which the body does not have enough
energy left to support all physiological functions needed to maintain optimal health. When …

Iron plays a significant role in the body, and is specifically important to athletes, since it is a
dominant feature in processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Despite its …

Identification, evaluation and management of disordered eating (DE) is complex. DE exists
along the spectrum from optimised nutrition through to clinical eating disorders (EDs) …

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) has various different risk factors, numerous
signs and symptoms and is heavily influenced by one's environment. Accordingly, there is …

The term “food first” has been widely accepted as the preferred strategy within sport nutrition,
although there is no agreed definition of this and often limited consideration of the …

Optimal nutrition is an important aspect of an athlete's preparation to achieve optimal health
and performance. While general concepts about micro-and macronutrients and timing of …

Overall athlete health is a stated priority by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), yet it
can be difficult for athletes to safely balance nutritional needs, training load, recovery, social …