Water is required for the existence of all living things. Water pollution has grown significantly,
over the decades and now it has developed as a serious worldwide problem. The presence …

Chromium (Cr) is a trace element critical to human health and well-being. In the last few
decades, its contamination, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] form in both terrestrial …

Heavy metal (HM) pollution of soils is a globally important ecological and environmental
problem. Previous studies have focused on i) tracking pollution sources in HM-contaminated …

Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic
effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities …

Numerous studies have indicated that anthropogenic activities are the dominant contributors
of heavy metals migrated into soil environment, which result in an increased demand for soil …

Contaminated soil containing toxic metals and metalloids is found everywhere globally. As a
consequence of adsorption and precipitation reactions, metals are comparatively immobile …

Soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is an increasing environmental
problem, posing serious threats to the living organisms. Phytoremediation is a sustainable …

Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants are causing detrimental effects on the
environment. The seepage of heavy metals through untreated industrial waste destroys the …

Rapid industrialization, mine tailings runoff, and agricultural activities are often detrimental to
soil health and can distribute hazardous metal (loid) s into the soil environment, with harmful …

Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that can cause potent environmental and health
hazards at different trophic levels through food chain. Cd is relatively non-biodegradable …