The novel betacoranavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes a form of severe pneumonia disease,
termed COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Recombinant human antibodies are proven …

Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune response, in fighting off pathogens as well as
helping create strong immunological memory. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 is a major global health issue
and is driving the need for new therapeutics. The surface spike protein, which plays a central …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as a pandemic since March 2020. This disease is caused by severe …

At the end of 2019, the new coronavirus caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suddenly raged, bringing a severe public health crisis to the …

In this work, we developed llama-derived nanobodies (Nbs) directed to the receptor binding
domain (RBD) and other domains of the Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. Nanobodies …

Viral myocarditis (VMC), commonly caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, lacks
specific treatments and leads to serious heart conditions. Current treatments, such as IFNα …

Over the years, infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality disrupted human
healthcare systems and devastated economies globally. Respiratory viruses, especially …

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have accrued mutations within the spike protein rendering
most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 ineffective. Hence there is an …

SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, such as the Omicron continue to threaten public health. The
virus recognizes the host cell by attaching its Spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) to …