Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are often selected from antigen-specific single B cells
derived from different hosts, which are notably short-lived in ex vivo culture conditions and …

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein [Env; trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to (gp120/gp41) 3] attaches
the virion to a susceptible cell and induces fusion of viral and cell membranes to initiate …

B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing is a powerful tool for interrogating immune responses to
infection and vaccination, but it provides limited information about the antigen specificity of …

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 10 million infections
and more than 500,000 fatalities by June 2020. To initiate infection, the SARS-CoV-2 spike …

Conventional immunization strategies will likely be insufficient for the development of a
broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) vaccine for HIV or other difficult pathogens because of …

The development of antiretroviral therapy for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection
has been marked by a series of remarkable successes. However, the efforts to develop a …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) spike, comprising three
gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by …

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the
elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies …

Natural infections expose the immune system to escalating antigen and inflammation over
days to weeks, whereas nonlive vaccines are single bolus events. We explored whether the …

HKU1 is a human betacoronavirus that causes mild yet prevalent respiratory disease, and is
related to the zoonotic SARS and MERS betacoronaviruses, which have high fatality rates …