Applying a social determinants of health framework, this review brings attention to evidence
from social sciences and neuroscience on the role of selected social factors in individual …

This paper provides an overview of the scientific evidence pointing to critically needed steps
to reduce racial inequities in health. First, it argues that communities of opportunity should …

Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life Page 1 TOXIC
STRESS AND PTSD IN CHILDREN Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical …

Background Adversity experienced during childhood manifests deleteriously across the
lifespan. This study provides updated frequency estimates of ACEs using the most …

Importance Early adversity is associated with leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality
and effects on life opportunities. Objective To provide an updated prevalence estimate of …

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences, such as violence victimization, substance
misuse in the household, or witnessing intimate partner violence, have been linked to …

Importance Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risks for adult
depression, poor mental health, and insufficient social and emotional support have been …

This article synthesizes knowledge on the role of relationships and key macro and micro-
contexts—poverty, racism, families, communities, schools, and peers—in supporting and/or …

The term “toxic stress” refers to a wide array of biological changes that occur at the
molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels when there is prolonged or significant adversity in …

Background Trauma, specifically adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), predicts significant
health and mental health disparities, yet there is a paucity of research with LGBTQ+ youth …