The current study systematically reviewed, summarized and meta-analyzed the clinical
features of the vaccines in clinical trials to provide a better estimate of their efficacy, side …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have become key tools in biology, medicine and even
engineering. After their initial use to resolve viral structures at the atomic level, VLPs were …

Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in
Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in
therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical …

Coronavirus Disease 2019 named as COVID-19 imposing a huge burden on public health
as well as global economies, is caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus named as SARS …

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses known to cause illnesses that vary between the
common cold and more severe diseases to include severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional
vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial …

Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin
to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are …

Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are
responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as …

Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and
immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In …