Objective To investigate whether or not gender influences letters of recommendation for
cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. Methods From applications to an Accreditation Council …

Background As leaders strive to create equitable surgical pipelines, one process under
scrutiny is letters of recommendation (LORs). We sought to review the Colon and Rectal …

Background: Previous work has demonstrated letters of recommendation for women in
academic medicine are shorter and emphasize communal traits over grindstone or agentic …

OBJECTIVE Despite increasing female representation in General Surgery (GS) residency
training programs, proportional improvement of female enrollment in surgical fellowships …

Objective Racial and gender biases exist within academic surgery; bias negatively impacts
patient care, reimbursement, student training, and staff retention. Few studies have …

ABSTRACT Study Objective To examine whether there are gender differences in letters of
recommendation (LORs) written for residents applying to gynecology surgical fellowships …

Letters of reference (LORs) are a common component of the application process for
residency training programs. With the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 …

OBJECTIVE To determine whether differences exist in the descriptors used in letters of
recommendations for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residency …

The letter of recommendation (LOR) is a stylized form of direct sponsorship, a rhetorical
appeal that confers favor on a person or object in keeping with the writer's—or sponsor's …

Abstract Background International Medical Graduates (IMGs) encounter barriers as they
seek to match into fellowship programs in the United States (US). This study's objective is to …