The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

Plastics are widely used in many fields due to their stable physical and chemical properties,
and their global production and usage increase significantly every year, which leads to the …

Women and men are suggested to have differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric
disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) …

Malnutrition is an important issue in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)
including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is caused by altered digestion …

Dietary nutrients and the gut microbiota are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and
entrain each other, and thus affect host health and immune-mediated diseases. Here, we …

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases.
Accumulating evidence has shown that oxidative stress is characterized by the …

Vitamin D is a pro-hormone characterized by an intricate metabolism and regulation. It is
well known for its role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, and in bone health. However …

Cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of people worldwide. While genetics and
lifestyle factors play a significant role in cancer development, the role of diet and …

In recent years, attention has focused on the roles of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables
in maintaining and improving the intestinal environment and preventing metabolic …

This paper is one of the outcomes of the 5th International Conference" Controversies in
Vitamin D" held in Stresa, Italy from 15 to 18 September 2021 as part of a series of annual …