Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to plague the world. While …

Immune profiling of COVID-19 patients has identified numerous alterations in both innate
and adaptive immunity. However, whether those changes are specific to SARS-CoV-2 or …

Background Based on current evidence, recent guidelines of the National Institute of Health,
USA indicated the use of remdesivir and dexamethasone for the treatment of COVID-19 …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)‐18 is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL‐1 family, first
identified for its interferon‐γ‐inducing properties. IL‐18 regulates both T helper (Th) 1 and …

In humans, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is highly
infective, often causes severe acute and/or long-term illness, and elicits a high rate of …

The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than …

Mononuclear phagocytes are a widely distributed family of cells contributing to innate and
adaptive immunity. Circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages participate in all stages …

The unique cytokine signature of COVID-19 might provide clues to disease mechanisms and
possible future therapies. Here, we propose a pathogenic model in which the alarmin …

Hypoxia is a known feature of solid tumors and a critical promoter of tumor hallmarks.
Hypoxia influences tumor immunity in a way favoring immune evasion and resistance …

COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives during the last 3 years since initial cases were
reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe pneumonia …