Immune memory—comprising T cells, B cells and plasma cells and their secreted antibodies—
is crucial for human survival. It enables the rapid and effective clearance of a pathogen after …

Long-term protection against malaria remains one of the greatest challenges of vaccination
against this deadly parasitic disease. Whole-sporozoite (WSp) malaria vaccine formulations …

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains one of the most devastating infectious
diseases worldwide, despite control efforts to lower morbidity and mortality. Both advanced …

The immune system remembers in different ways. Immune responses can be generated to
the diverse antigens which enter our body through barrier sites—to multifarious infectious …

Malaria is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites and remains a global health
challenge with a profound impact on human lives. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses play a …