To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling triggers diverse biological actions in
inflammatory diseases. In tissue fibrosis, it acts as a key pathogenic regulator for promoting …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) constitute a major component of the tumor
microenvironment. Recent observations in genetically engineered mouse models and …

In vitro tumor models have provided important tools for cancer research and serve as low-
cost screening platforms for drug therapies; however, cancer recurrence remains largely …

Determining mechanisms of resistance to αPD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint immunotherapy
is key to developing new treatment strategies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have …

Chemoresistance is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to
be a challenge in cancer treatment. Chemoresistance is influenced by genetic and …

There is much cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor epithelia
and stromal cells co-evolve, and this reciprocal relationship dictates almost every step of …

Background & Aims Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in the cancer
process, but the research progress is hampered by the paucity of preclinical models that are …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a ubiquitous member of the body and is key to the
maintenance of tissue and organ integrity. Initially thought to be a bystander in many cellular …

Esophageal cancer is a deadly disease, ranking sixth among all cancers in mortality.
Despite incremental advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, esophageal cancer still …