Abstract Information systems are becoming more integrated into our lives. As this integration
deepens, the importance of securing these systems increases. Because of lower installation …

The field of natural computing has been the focus of a substantial research effort in recent
decades. One particular strand of this concerns the development of computational …

The dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) is a classification algorithm based on the functioning of
natural immune dendritic cells. Recently, the DCA has caught the attention of researchers …

The realm of cybersecurity is perhaps one of the most quickly evolving areas within today's
research space. New and emerging technologies, as well as the growth of cybersecurity …

Due to proliferation of online posts and rise in the active social media users, fraudulent
activities related with spam messages have taken a spike drift. Spam is an activity by which …

As one of the emerging algorithms in the field of artificial immune systems (AIS), the dendritic
cell algorithm (DCA) has been successfully applied to a number of challenging real-world …

Abstract The area of Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) that bridges immunology, computer
science, engineering and mathematics, has gained great interests in the last decade. One of …

In this paper we explore the sensitivity of the migration threshold parameter in the
Deterministic Dendritic Cell Algorithm (dDCA), one of the four main types of Artificial Immune …

The Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) has been described in a number of different ways,
sometimes resulting in incorrect implementations. We believe this is due to previous …

Anomaly detection is an important issue, which has been deeply studied in different
research domains and application fields. The dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) is one of the …