Lipid transfer proteins mediate nonvesicular transport of lipids at membrane contact sites to
regulate the lipid composition of organelle membranes. Recently, a new type of bridge-like …

During sexual reproduction of flowering plants, pollen tube guidance by pistil tissue is critical
for the delivery of nonmotile sperm cells to female gametes. Multistep controls of pollen tube …

Plant reproduction requires long-distance growth of a pollen tube to fertilize the female
gametophyte. Prior reports suggested that mutations altering synthesis of flavonoids, plant …

Shifts in the duration and intensity of ambient temperature impair plant development and
reproduction, particularly male gametogenesis. Stress exposure causes meiotic defects or …

The two alkali cations Na+ and K+ have similar relative abundances in the earth crust but
display very different distributions in the biosphere. In all living organisms, K+ is the major …

In flowering plants, pollen tubes are guided into ovules by multiple attractants from female
gametophytes to release paired sperm cells for double fertilization. It has been well …

Pollen tubes extend rapidly via tip growth. This process depends on a dynamic actin
cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in controlling organelle movements, cytoplasmic …

Grass stomata recruit lateral subsidiary cells (SCs), which are key to the unique stomatal
morphology and the efficient plant-atmosphere gas exchange in grasses. Subsidiary mother …

Root hairs are tubular protrusions of the root epidermis that significantly enlarge the
exploitable soil volume in the rhizosphere. Trichoblasts, the cell type responsible for root …

Key message Overview of pollen development. Abstract Male gametophyte development of
angiosperms is a complex process that requires coordinated activity of different cell types …