Aposematism (considered here as an association between conspicuous colour patterns and
the presence of a harmful secondary defence) has long been recognized as an anti-predator …

Consumers range from specialists that feed on few resources to generalists that feed on
many. Generalism has the clear advantage of having more resources to exploit, but the costs …

Protective defense mechanisms are well documented across the animal kingdom, but there
are still examples of antipredator defenses that do not fit easily into the current …

Predation exerts a significant selection pressure on prey, shaping a multitude of traits that
serve as antipredator defences. In turn, natural selection could favour combinations of …

To​ avoid​ predation,​ animals​ have​ evolved​ a​ wide​ array​ of​ antipredator​
defences​ that​ include​ visual,​ acoustic,​ chemical,​ mechanical,​ and​ …

When captured, many prey respond by biting the predator or struggling to get free. However,
one indirect escape option is death feigning (DF), in which complete immobility supposedly …

Social insects face many threats from predators and parasites, and so have evolved a
diversity of behavioral defense strategies to evade and combat enemies. Previous research …

Predator avoidance is critical to fish survival and yet multiple types of predator response are
rarely recorded at the level of individuals let alone studied in detail. Behaviour of an …

The 'escape and radiate'hypothesis predicts that once species have evolved aposematism,
defended species can utilise more visually diverse visual backgrounds as they 'escape'the …

Organisms can be classified as diet specialists or generalists based on the number of prey
types they eat. Since different prey species have different constitutions and defenses, eating …