A large body of literature has focused on potential causes and consequences of candidate
nomination procedures. One of the received wisdoms in this literature is that loyalty to the …

This article serves as a review on electoral institutions, specifically on how they shape the
election outcomes, the dynamics of democratic politics, and the emergence of candidates. It …

Does a candidate's pathway to parliament affect subsequent legislative roles and behavior?
Party candidate nomination processes in Canada are very decentralized, with responsibility …

The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) has repeatedly stressed
the importance of ensuring equal rights of men and women; accordingly, participating States …

The Canadian federal parliament is unique among Westminster parliamentary democracies
due to the unusually high level of voluntary and involuntary MP turnover that occurs at each …

Most legislatures require the consent of only a simple majority to pass a proposal, so why
donʼt legislative outcomes favor only a bare majority? We show that compromise can be …

Do incumbents have an electoral advantage and if so, do these advantages differ across
gender? In this study, I estimate the electoral advantages enjoyed by incumbents in 10 …

Spain is a 'young'democracy, rather than a 'new'democracy. The current constitutional
arrangements date from 1978, and despite suffering an interruption of a few hours during a …

Historically not only have women cabinet ministers in Western democracies been few in
number, but they have generally been limited to “women's ministries” such as education …

Devolution has established new political institutions in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland,
London and the other English regions since 1997. These devolution reforms have …