Salivarian trypanosomes comprise a group of extracellular anthroponotic and zoonotic
parasites. The only sustainable method for global control of these infection is through …

Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on the in-depth
understanding of protective immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Mucosal surfaces of the lungs represent a major site of entry for airborne pathogens, and
pulmonary administration of vaccines is an attractive strategy to induce protective mucosal …

Since the initiation of the covid-19 pandemic, efforts have been made to provide acquired
immunity against covid-19. Prior to Covid-19 vaccines manufacture and authorization, there …

Bovine Th2 cells have usually been characterized by IL4 mRNA expression, but it is unclear
whether their IL4 protein expression corresponds to transcription. We found that grass-fed …

Public interest in vaccines is at an all-time high following the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic.
Currently, over 6 billion doses of various vaccines are administered globally each year. Most …

Novel immunotherapies continue to be developed and tested for application against a
plethora of diseases. The clinical translation of immunotherapies requires an understanding …

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to the low-density lipoprotein
receptor (LDLR) and mediates its internalization and degradation, resulting in an increase in …

Fungal β-glucans are major drivers of trained immunity which increases long-term protection
against secondary infections. Heterogeneity in β-glucan source, structure, and solubility …

Most licensed human vaccines are based on liquid dosage forms but have poor storage
stability and require continuous and expensive cold-chain storage. In contrast, the use of …