Astrocyte endfeet enwrap the entire vascular tree within the central nervous system, where
they perform important functions in regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral blood …

Background: Preservation of brain health has emerged as a leading public health priority for
the aging world population. Advances in neurovascular biology have revealed an intricate …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer, with a 5 year survival of∼ 5%.
Challenges that hamper GBM therapeutic efficacy include (i) tumor heterogeneity,(ii) …

Meninges cover the surface of the brain and spinal cord and contribute to protection and
immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS). How the meningeal layers …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the entry of leukocytes and potentially harmful
substances from the circulation into the central nervous system (CNS). While BBB defects …

The emphasis on mechanisms driving multiple sclerosis (MS) symptomatic worsening
suggests that we move beyond categorical clinical classifiers such as relapsing–remitting …

Neurofluids is a term introduced to define all fluids in the brain and spine such as blood,
cerebrospinal fluid, and interstitial fluid. Neuroscientists in the past millennium have steadily …

The vasculature plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of blood-tissue
interface homeostasis. Knowledge on the morphological and functional nature of the blood …

Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that
photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve …

Stem cell therapy has been shown to improve stroke outcomes in animal models and is
currently advancing towards clinical practice. However, uncertainty remains regarding the …