Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that
involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been …

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine encoded within a
functionally polymorphic genetic locus. MIF was initially recognized as a cytokine generated …

There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years
for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited …

The brain microenvironment imposes a particularly intense selective pressure on metastasis-
initiating cells, but successful metastases bypass this control through mechanisms that are …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent but severely under-treated disorder, with
only three widely-approved pharmacotherapies. Given that AUD is a very heterogeneous …

Parthanatos-associated apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclease (PAAN), also known as
macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF), is a member of the PD-D/E (X) K nucleases that …

Background There are limited treatments for progressive multiple sclerosis. Ibudilast inhibits
several cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and …

The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in autoimmunity is underscored by
data showing that common functional polymorphisms in MIF are associated with disease …