Code smells tend to compromise software quality and also demand more effort by
developers to maintain and evolve the application throughout its life-cycle. They have long …

This paper presents a novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm called Rat Swarm Optimizer
(RSO) for solving the challenging optimization problems. The main inspiration of this …

This paper presents a content-based image retrieval technique that focuses on extraction
and reduction in multiple features. To obtain multi-level decomposition of the image by …

Software defect prediction studies aim to predict defect-prone components before the testing
stage of the software development process. The main benefit of these prediction models is …

The incorporation of sustainability principles during the requirements engineering phase of
the development life cycle constitutes greening software requirements. This incorporation …

Background: Code smells are symptoms that something may be wrong in software systems
that can cause complications in maintaining software quality. In literature, there exist many …

Refactoring is one of the most widely used techniques in practice to improve the quality of
existing software. However, it is observed that refactoring does not continually improve all …

Refactoring has emerged as a predominant approach to augmenting software product
quality. However, empirical evidence suggests that not all dimensions of software quality …

Refactoring is one of the most widely used techniques in practice to improve the quality of
software, such as maintainability, testability, and understandability. However, there is a lack …

Previous studies demonstrated how code smells (ie, symptoms of the presence of system
degradation) impact the software maintainability. However, few studies have investigated …