This paper presents a comprehensive review of hydrophones, their design considerations,
physical aspects, and structures by reviewing many publications that have been published …

A stacked three-phase piezoelectric composites ring array underwater ultrasound
transducer was developed in this paper. The circular structure of three-phase piezoelectric …

A new type of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer for longitudinal-flexural vibrational mode-
conversion is proposed. The mode-conversion transducer has a back metal mass …

Longitudinally polarized piezoelectric ceramic devices have been widely used in
underwater sound and ultrasonic transducers. When the geometrical dimensions satisfy …

The design of high-sensitive hydrophones is one of the research interests in underwater
acoustics. Due to progress of micro-and nanotechnology the most attention of researchers is …