Background: Widely varying recommendations have been published with regard to the
appropriate amount of protein or amino acids to provide in critical illness. Objective: We …

Although numerous observational studies associated underfeeding with poor outcome,
recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that early full nutritional support …

A 67-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoes extensive bowel resection for
mesenteric ischemia. Tube feedings are associated with adverse effects, and central venous …

Perioperative surgical care is undergoing a paradigm shift. Traditional practices such as
prolonged preoperative fasting (nil by mouth from midnight), bowel cleaning, and …

Pregnancies complicated by severe sepsis and septic shock are associated with increased
rates of preterm labor, fetal infection, and preterm delivery. Sepsis onset in pregnancy can …

Background Critically ill people are at increased risk of malnutrition. Acute and chronic
illness, trauma and inflammation induce stress‐related catabolism, and drug‐induced …

Early enteral nutrition (EN) is consistently recommended as first‐line nutrition therapy in
critically ill patients since it favorably alters outcome, providing both nutrition and …

Undernutrition is insufficiently detected in in-and outpatients, and this is likely to worsen
during the next decades. The increased prevalence of obesity together with chronic …

This article summarizes the presentations given at an ESPEN Workshop on “Lipids in the
ICU” held in Tel Aviv, Israel in November 2014 and subsequent discussions and updates …

Intestinal failure (IF) is the consequence of a reduction of gut function below the minimum
necessary for the absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. Types I and II …