Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach against tumors, with
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) making significant clinical practice. The traditional ICIs …

Chronic inflammation has been recognized as a canonical cancer hallmark. It is
orchestrated by cytokines, which are master regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Polymer mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical force to activate latent functionalities in
macromolecules and widely relies on ultrasonication techniques. Fundamental constraints …

Lymphotoxin α (LTα) is a soluble factor produced by activated lymphocytes which is
cytotoxic to tumor cells. Although a promising candidate in cancer therapy, the application of …

IL2 signals pleiotropically on diverse cell types, some of which contribute to therapeutic
activity against tumors, whereas others drive undesired activity, such as immunosuppression …

The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key
pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) …

Studies over the last 2 decades have identified IL-17 and IL-21 as key cytokines in the
modulation of a wide range of immune responses. IL-17 serves as a critical defender against …

IL-15 has shown preclinical activity by enhancing the functional maturation of natural killer
(NK) cells. Clinical evaluation of the potential anticancer activity of most cytokines, including …

Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling
pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-
amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular …