Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of
blindness among the working-age population. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was …

The concept of diabetic retinopathy as a microvascular disease has evolved, in that it is now
considered a more complex diabetic complication in which neurodegeneration plays a …

The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia–neuron interactions
and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in …

Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and …

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select
the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the …

Due to their permanent and close proximity to neurons, glial cells perform essential tasks for
the normal physiology of the retina. Astrocytes and Müller cells (retinal macroglia) provide …

Vascular basement membrane (BM) thickening has been hailed over half a century as the
most prominent histological lesion in diabetic microangiopathy, and represents an early …

Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of
vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of both type-1 and type-2
diabetes. The recent success of treatments inhibiting the function of vascular endothelial …