Highlights•AD disproportionally affects women in the development, progression and clinical
presentation of AD.•Our review summarized sex differences in biological change of AD from …

It is now possible to estimate an individual's brain age via brain scans and machine-learning
models. This validated technique has opened up new avenues for addressing clinical …

Brain-age can be inferred from structural neuroimaging and compared to chronological age
(brain-age delta) as a marker of biological brain aging. Accelerated aging has been found in …

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are associated with accelerated brain aging and
increased risk for sex‐dimorphic illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, it is …

Background Non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have lifelong effects on
cortical integrity that could be mitigated if identified at early stages. However, it remains …

The retina, as part of the central nervous system (CNS), can be the perfect target for in vivo,
in situ, and noninvasive neuropathology diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic efficacy. It …

Muscle weakness is common in many neurological, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal
conditions. Muscle size only partially explains muscle strength as adaptions within the …

The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease dementia is higher in females compared to
males and is greater in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive …

Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, maintain brain homeostasis and respond to
injury and infection. During aging they undergo functional changes, but the underlying …

Low-level alcohol consumption is commonly perceived as being inconsequential or even
beneficial for overall health, with some reports suggesting that it may protect against …