Entropy is originally introduced to explain the inclination of intensity of heat, pressure, and
density to gradually disappear over time. Based on the concept of entropy, the Second Law …

The detection of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on single-lead electrocardiogram
(ECG) is better suited to the noninvasive needs and hardware conditions of wearable mobile …

This paper shows how to quantify and test for the information flow between two time series
with Shannon transfer entropy and Rényi transfer entropy using the R package …

Sleep apnea (SA) is a sleep-breathing disorder accompanied by multiple complications. The
SA detection method based on a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has the …

Background Cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) is a physiological phenomenon that reflects
the mutual interaction between the cardiac and respiratory control systems. It is mainly …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that is often associated with
reduced heart rate variability (HRV), thus reflecting modulation of the autonomic system …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder that is associated with
autonomic dysfunction. The low-frequency power to high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF) …

The detection of informational leadership is a core issue in financial market microstructure.
We use effective group transfer entropy (EGTE) as a measure for the predictability of a …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a fatal respiratory disease occurring in sleep. OSA can
induce declined heart rate variability (HRV) and was reported to have autonomic nerve …

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a breathing disorder that alters heart rate
variability (HRV) dynamics during sleep. HRV in children is commonly assessed through …