Upon entering the biological milieu, nanomedicines swiftly interact with the surrounding
tissue fluid, subsequently being enveloped by a dynamic interplay of biomacromolecules …

In the past few decades, substantial advancement has been made in nucleic acid (NA)-
based therapies. Promising treatments include mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, and anti-sense DNA …

The limited benefits of immunotherapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is closely related to the
paucity of T cells in brain tumor bed. Both systemic and local immunosuppression contribute …

In recent years, nano-based drug delivery systems have gradually been regarded as a
promising approach to improve the current glioblastoma treatment, attracting many …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality
worldwide. The suboptimal effect of currently used therapeutic approaches administered via …

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, including brain cancers, is
limited by a number of obstructions, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the …

CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology shows great potential for treating a variety of
diseases, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, CRISPR components suffer …

Plant viruses have traditionally been studied as pathogens in the context of understanding
the molecular and cellular mechanisms of a particular disease affecting crops. In recent …

Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens.
The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal …

Transdermal drug delivery is a promising strategy characterized by minor fluctuations in
blood concentrations, few adverse effects, convenience, and excellent patient compliance …