Oxidants have critical functions inside healthy and unhealthy cells. Deregulated cell cycle
and apoptosis, both regulated by oxidative stress, have been described as hallmarks of …

Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer
disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress …

Significance: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are indispensable and ubiquitous
antioxidant defenses maintaining the steady-state levels of O2·−; no wonder, thus, that their …

Plant polyphenols are among the most abundant phytochemicals present in human diets.
Increasing evidence supports the health-promoting effects of certain polyphenols, including …

Cells respond to many stimuli by transmitting signals through redox-regulated pathways. It is
generally accepted that in many instances signal transduction is via reversible oxidation of …

Significance: Glutathione metabolism is comparable to a jigsaw puzzle with too many
pieces. It is supposed to comprise (i) the reduction of disulfides, hydroperoxides, sulfenic …

The reaction of flavoenzymes with oxygen remains a fascinating area of research because
of its relevance for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Several exciting recent …

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in cytosol is the only known reductant of oxidized
thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) in vivo so far. We and others found that aurothioglucose (ATG), a well …

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant and a major detoxification agent in cells.
It is synthesized through two-enzyme reaction catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase and …

Thiol peroxidases comprise glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and peroxiredoxins (Prx). The
enzymes of both families reduce hydroperoxides with thiols by enzyme-substitution …