The traditional view of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a self-inflicted
disease caused by tobacco smoking in genetically susceptible individuals has been …

The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an
evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response …

Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence,
playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative …

Both obesity and aging are associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as
type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose …

The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is most prevalent in the elderly, and there is a progressive
increase in the notification rate with age. Most cases of TB in the elderly are linked to the …

Simple Summary As life expectancy is increasing, the older population is rapidly growing.
However, older patients with cancer are still underrepresented in clinical trials, making …

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the
potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an …

Frailty is an intermediate status of the human aging process, associated with
decompensated homeostasis and death. The immune phenotype of frailty and its underlying …

TLR4, a transmembrane receptor, plays a central role in the innate immune response. TLR4
not only engages with exogenous ligands at the cellular membrane's surface but also …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease and
disability in the elderly; it is estimated to account for 60%–70% of all cases of dementia …