Coronaviruses are very large RNA viruses that originate in animal reservoirs and include
severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome …

Chemokines and their receptors participate in many biological processes, including the
modulation of neuroimmune interactions. Approximately fifty chemokines are distinguished …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disorder that results
in inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). MS symptoms …

Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma B-cell malignancy with 5-year survival rates
approximately 10-30% lower than other hematologic cancers. Treatment options include …

Targeted therapy is an emerging treatment strategy for alcoholic liver disease (ALD).
Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ALD, and is a …

In the human chemokine system, interactions between the approximately 50 known
endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 known chemokine receptors (CKRs) regulate a …

Outbreaks and the rapid transmission of viruses, such as coronaviruses and influenza
viruses, are serious threats to human health. A major challenge in combating infectious …

Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are essential antivirals in the treatment of infectious
diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C …

Chronic wounds and scar formation are widespread due to limited suitable remedies. The
macrophage is a crucial regulator in wound healing, controlling the onset and termination of …

The discovery of the mechanism underlying allergic disease, mouse models of asthma, and
bronchoscopy studies provided initial insights into the role of Th2-type cytokines, including …