Abstract The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) aims to map all of the cells of the human body
to advance biomedical research and clinical practice. This Perspective presents …

Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are currently classified according to their clinical features,
associated comorbidities and pattern of injury on biopsy. Even within a given classification …

Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the population with notable differences in ethnic and
sex-related susceptibility to kidney injury and disease. Kidney dysfunction leads to …

Cellular interactions among nephron, interstitial, and collecting duct progenitors drive
mammalian kidney development. In mice, Six2+ nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) and …

The field of tissue engineering has advanced over the past decade, but the largest impact on
human health should be achieved with the transition of engineered solid organs to the clinic …

Stem cell‐derived kidney organoids contain nephron segments that recapitulate
morphological and functional aspects of the human kidney. However, directed differentiation …

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids have prospective
applications ranging from basic disease modelling to personalised medicine. However …

The effects of healthy aging on the kidney, and how these effects intersect with
superimposed diseases, are highly relevant in the context of the population's increasing …

The development of human cell-based systems to replace the use of rodents or the two-
dimensional culture of cells for studying nephrotoxicity is urgently needed. Human urine …

There is a global epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a progressive
loss of nephrons, ascribed in large part to a rising incidence of hypertension, metabolic …