Abnormal immune responses have been reported to be associated with autism. A number of
studies showed that cytokines were increased in the blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid of …

Altered auditory processing has been increasingly recognized as a non-motor feature in
parkinsonian disorders. This systematic review provides an overview of behavioral and …

The objective of this study was to evaluate hearing impairment in patients affected by
Parkinson's disease compared with hearing scores observed in normal age‐and sex …

Degeneration of several brainstem nuclei has been long related to motor and non-motor
symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, due to technical issues, there …

Background: At least 14% of Parkinson disease (PD) patients develop impulse control
disorders (ICDs). The pathophysiology behind these behaviors and the impact of deep brain …

Research on auditory processing in Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently made substantial
progress. At present, evidence has been found for altered auditory processing in the clinical …

Movement impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons and the consequent disruption of connectivity in the cortico-striatal …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the induction of the innate immune system in response to
pathogens, injury and disease. However, they also play non-immune roles and are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) has increasingly been associated with auditory dysfunction,
including alterations regarding the control of auditory information processing. Although …

There is accumulating evidence for auditory dysfunctions in patients with Parkinson's
disease (PD). Moreover, a possible relationship has been suggested between altered …