The maternal-fetal interface undergoes dynamic changes to allow the fetus to grow and
develop in the uterus, despite being recognized by the maternal immune cells. Within the …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are gatekeepers of the immune system that control induction and
polarization of primary, antigen-specific immune responses. Depending on their …

Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma,
autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections …

Abstract Programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L) 1 and PD-L2 are ligands for programmed death-
1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28/CTLA4 family expressed on activated lymphoid cells. PD-1 …

T regulatory cells and IL-10 have been implicated in the mechanism of immunotherapy in
patients with systemic anaphylaxis following bee stings. We studied the role of IL-10 in the …

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that can communicate with T cells both
directly and indirectly, regulating our adaptive immune responses against environmental …

Long-term efficacy that occurs with allergen immunotherapy of proven value is associated
with decreases in IgE-dependent activation of mast cells and tissue eosinophilia. This …

Specific allergen injection immunotherapy is highly effective in IgE-mediated diseases, such
as allergic rhinitis and venom anaphylaxis. Immunotherapy inhibits both early and late …

The induction of antigen‐specific T cell tolerance and its maintenance in the periphery is
critical for the prevention of autoimmunity. Recent evidence shows that dendritic cells (DC) …

To cite this article: Jutel M, Akdis CA. Immunological mechanisms of allergen‐specific
immunotherapy. Allergy 2011; 66: 725–732. Abstract The studies on the mechanisms of …