Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become one of the leading causes of death in
the global population. The pathogenesis of CNS diseases is complicated, so it is important …

Stroke ranks second as a leading cause of death and permanent disability globally.
Microglia, innate immune cells in the brain, respond rapidly to ischemic injury, triggering a …

High‐mobility group box1 (HMGB1) induces inflammatory injury, and emerging reports
suggest that it is critical for brain ischemia reperfusion. Engeletin, a natural Smilax glabra …

High dietary intake of dietary polyphenols is associated with a decreased risk of chronic
diseases, especially in inflammation. However, mechanisms responsible for their anti …

Ischemic-induced neuronal injury arises due to low oxygen/nutrient levels and an
inflammatory response that exacerbates neuronal loss. NOD-like receptor family pyrin …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is the main pathological basis for acute ischemic stroke
(AIS)-induced cerebral vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Glial cells …

Acute ischemic stroke is a catastrophic medical condition that causes severe disability and
mortality if the sufferer escapes treatment within a stipulated timeframe. While timely …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the second most common subtype of stroke, remains a
significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathological mechanism of ICH …

Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, serves as an important second messenger in cell signal
transduction. Under stressful conditions, it can be generated from de novo synthesis …

Stroke is a major contributor to global mortality and disability. While reperfusion is essential
for preventing neuronal death in the penumbra, it also triggers cerebral ischemia …