Plant-predator mutualisms have been widely described in nature. 1, 2 How plants fine-tune
their mutualistic interactions with the predators they recruit remains poorly understood. In the …

Autumn senescence of deciduous trees is characterized by chlorophyll degradation and
flavonoid synthesis. In the present study, chlorophyll and flavonol contents were measured …

The paper presents the results on resistance of Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753
trees to Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić, 1986 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) impact …

Camouflage may promote fitness of given phenotypes in different environments. The tawny
owl (Strix aluco) is a color polymorphic species with a gray and brown morph resident in the …

Several studies have shown that insectivorous birds are attracted to herbivore‐damaged
trees even when they cannot see or smell the actual herbivores or their feces. However, it …

Foraging strategies of birds can influence trophic plant–insect networks with impacts on
primary plant production. Recent experiments show that some forest insectivorous birds can …

Birds that are foraging in tree canopies can cause a substantial decrease in arthropod
numbers. Trees may benefit from avian insectivores attacking insect herbivores. In a field …

The richness, abundance, and biomass of phytophagous arthropods like lepidopteran
larvae is highly uneven among sympatric tree taxa. Optimal foraging theory predicts that …

Insectivorous birds feed upon all developmental stages of herbivorous insects, including
insect eggs if larvae and adults are unavailable. Insect egg deposition on plants can induce …

Plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) when they are attacked by herbivorous
arthropods to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Previous studies have suggested …