In this article we analyse the news coverage of the 2009 EP elections in all 27 EU member
states (N= 52,009). We propose that the extent to which these second-order elections are …

Interviews and surveys are amongst the most popular research methods in the social
sciences, and accordingly, they are a frequently used tool in legislative studies (Morris …

The 2021 German federal election was marked by the social restrictions to combat COVID-
19, making social media an important component of constituency candidates' …

This article analyses the impact of electoral institutions on the re-election campaigning and
outreach strategies of Members of the European Parliament on the Twitter social media …

This article investigates the impact of pan-European candidates in European Parliament
election campaigns. It focusses on the two 2019 nominees for the European Greens, who …

This article analyses what makes political candidates run a party‐focused or personalised
election campaign. Prior work shows that candidates face incentives from voters and the …

This article draws upon the literature on comparative political institutions in order to re-
examine the logic of Twitter usage during campaign periods, now that social media has …

Since 2008 many European states have experienced significant challenges in adapting to
austerity, and political actors within these states have made significant changes in their …

Women consistently report lower levels of nascent political ambition than men. In this study,
we investigate whether these gender differences occur to the same extent across local …

What are the sources of incumbent parties' superior financial resources in parliamentary
election campaigns in Africa's clientelistic democracies? Scholars have emphasized ruling …